CAUSES

When bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and start to grow in the bladder, it usually results in urinary tract infections. Even while the urinary system is built to keep such minuscule invaders out, these defenses occasionally fall short. In that case, germs may establish a foothold and spread throughout the urinary tract, leading to a severe infection.
The bladder and urethra are affected by the most typical UTIs, which mostly affect women.

Urinary bladder infection (cystitis). Escherichia coli (E. coli), a kind of bacteria frequently present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is typically the cause of this type of UTI. Other bacteria can, however, also be the culprit.

However, you don’t have to be sexually active to get cystitis; it can still happen without it. The anatomy of women, notably the close proximity of the urethra to the anus and the urethral opening to the bladder, puts them all at risk for developing cystitis.

A urethral infection (urethritis).

When GI bacteria pass from the anus to the urethra, this form of UTI can develop. Additionally, due of its proximity to the vagina, the female urethra is susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases such mycoplasma, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and herpes.

RISK FACTOR

Women frequently get urinary tract infections, and many of them have multiple infections over the course of their lifetimes. Female-specific risk factors for UTIs include:

Women’s anatomy

Because a woman’s urethra is shorter than a man’s, fewer bacteria must travel farther to reach the bladder.

Sexual Behavior.

Women who are sexually active typically experience more UTIs than women who are not. A new sexual relationship raises your risk even further.

a few forms of birth control.

Women who use spermicidal products and diaphragms for birth control can be more susceptible.

Menopause.

After menopause, a drop in estrogen levels in the bloodstream alters the urinary system, increasing your susceptibility to infection.